Summary

Did you know?

Carex richardsonii is named in honor of its discoverer, Sir John Richardson who was alive from 1787 to 1863 (Fernald 1970).

State Ranking Justification

There is only a single specimen of Carex richardsonii from New York. This was collected in the late 1800 from a site "eleven miles west of Rochester in the town of Greece." Despite multiple surveys, this site has not been relocated. While the only known site is probably extirpated, this sedge may be present in the alvar region near the eastern shore of Lake Ontario.

Short-term Trends

No populations of Carex richardsonii have been seen in NY in over 100 years and therefore, short term trends are unknown.

Long-term Trends

The only population of C. richardsonii known from New York is believed extirpated. Therefore, long term trends show a sharp decline.

Conservation and Management

Threats

The one population that was known from Monroe County in the late 1800's has not been relocated. If it is still extant, it may be threatened by residential development although the current thinking is that this population has already been extirpated.

Conservation Strategies and Management Practices

No management actions are currently needed.

Research Needs

This species should be sought in the alvar regions near the eastern end of Lake Ontario. Additionally, during any surveys that are conducted along the postglacial shoreline of Lake Iroquois, south of Lake Ontario, investigators should look for Carex richardsonii.

Habitat

Habitat

There is no specific habitat information from the one or perhaps two historical NY populations of C. richardsonii (New York Natural Heritage Program 2006). Carex richardsonii occurs in vernally moist (often drying later in the season) open woodlands, alvars, floodplain edges, prairies, and basic and acidic outcrops. In the east, it is known from alvars, tall-grass prairies, and postglacial shorelines, such as those along Lake Iroquois (in Ontario and New York) (Crins 2002). It occurs in serpentine barrens in Pennsylvania (Rhoads and Block 2000). Dry or rocky upland woods (Gleason and Cronquist 1991). The habitat of the historical Monroe County, New York population, has been described as "dry woods" (Beckwith and Macauley 1894).

Associated Ecological Communities

• Alvar shrubland (guide)
  A shrub-dominated community that has over 25% cover of tall, short, and dwarf shrubs. There are often deep crevices or grikes in the limestone pavement; trees and shrubs are often rooted in the grikes.
• Alvar woodland (guide)
  A subset of the limestone woodland community restricted to the alvar region in Jefferson County, New York.
• Limestone woodland* (guide)
  A woodland that occurs on shallow soils over limestone bedrock in non-alvar settings, and usually includes numerous rock outcrops. There are usually several codominant trees, although one species may become dominant in any one stand. * probable association but not confirmed.
• Oak openings* (guide)
  A grass-savanna community that occurs on well-drained soils. In New York, these savannas originally occurred as openings within extensive oak-hickory forests. The best remnants occur on dolomite knobs. * probable association but not confirmed.

Associated Species

• Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry)
• Carex crawei (Crawe's sedge)
• Carex eburnea (bristle-leaved sedge)
• Juniperus communis
• Packera paupercula (balsam groundsel)
• Shepherdia canadensis (Canada buffalo-berry)
• Thuja occidentalis (northern white cedar, arbor vitae)

Range

New York State Distribution

Carex richardsonii has only been documented from a single population in Monroe County although, there is one other historical collection from New York without locality information. The exact location of the Monroe County population is unknown but was documented in the late 18 hundreds as being a little west of Rochester in the town of Greece. Survey work in this region has not located the population and it is believed extirpated.

Global Distribution

Carex richardsonii occurs from British Columbia and the Northwest Territories east to Quebec, southwestern Vermont, New York, and Pennsylvania south to Maryland, Ohio, Illinois, South Dakota, and Wyoming. It is common in the Canadian praires and is rare in the east (Fernald 1970, Crins 2002).

Identification Comments

General Description

Carex richardsonii is a grass-like perennial. It grows in small loose tufts and occurs in patches. The leaves are strap-like and 0.9-3.3 mm wide. The base of the plants are dark purplish to reddish brown. Arising from the leaves at the base of the plants are stems 14-32 cm tall. Secondary stems branch off of the main stems and have clusters of female flowers/fruits at their summits. The main stems terminate in a cluster of male flowers. The fruits (perigynia) are 2.4-2.9 mm long and hairy (Crins 2002).

Identifying Characteristics

Carex richardsonii is long rhizomatous. The leaf blades are 0.9-3.3 mm wide and the basal ones have dark purplish to reddish brown sheaths. It has culms 14-32 cm long with 2-4 pistillate lateral spikes and 1 terminal staminate spike. The proximal pistillate spikes have peduncles to 7 cm and are subtended by purple or brown long sheathing bracts. Pistillate scales are reddish brown. Perigynia are 2.4-2.9 mm long, beaked, and pubescent (Fernald 1970, Crins 2002).

Best Life Stage for Proper Identification

This sedge is known to flower and fruit for a very short period of time (Voss 1972). Unlike many other Carex species, the distinctive purple or brown bract sheathes make this sedge conspicuous while it is in flower and early fruit.

Similar Species

Carex richardsonii is clearly distinct from all other Carex species that occur in New York. The long sheathing purple to brown proximal bracts are distinctive. Carex pedunculata is perhaps the most closely related species in New York. It differs in having some spikes on peduncles which arise near the base of the culms, glabrous perigynia, and densely tufted habit vs. all peduncles arising well above the base of the culms, pubescent perigynia, and loosely tufted habit for C. richardsonii. Some members of Carex section Acrocystis may also appear superficially similar. Species in Carex section Acrocystis have bracts which subtend non-basal spikes (spikes which do not arise near the base of the culms) sheathless or subsheathing vs. long sheathing for C. richardsonii.

Best Time to See

Carex richardsonii has a very short flowering / fruiting period which is between mid-May till late-June. The culms are short lived. Therefore, the best time to survey for this species is from late May till mid June.

Richardson's Sedge Images

Taxonomy

Richardson's Sedge
Carex richardsonii R. Br.

• Kingdom Plantae
  • Phylum Anthophyta
    • Class Monocotyledoneae (Monocots)
      • Order Cyperales
        • Family Cyperaceae (Sedge Family)

Additional Common Names

• Sedge

Comments on the Classification

Carex richardsonii is in section Clandestinae which includes the common C. pedunculata but, C. pedunculata may actually belong in a different section (Crins 2002).

Additional Resources

Best Identification Reference

Crins, W.J. 2002. Carex Linnaeus sect. Clandestinae G. Don. Pages 546-548 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (editors), Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Volume 23, Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. 608pp + xxiv.

Other References

Beckwith, Florence and Mary Macauley. 1894. Plants of Monroe County and adjacent territory. Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science Vol. 3:1-149.

Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th edition. D. Van Nostrand, New York. 1632 pp.

Gleason, Henry A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 910 pp.

Holmgren, Noel. 1998. The Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

New York Natural Heritage Program. 2010. Biotics database. New York Natural Heritage Program. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Albany, NY.

New York Natural Heritage Program. 2023. New York Natural Heritage Program Databases. Albany, NY.

Reschke, C., R. Reid, J. Jones, T. Feeney, and H. Potter. 1999. Conserving Great Lakes Alvars: final technical report of the International Alvar Conservation Initiative. The Nature Conservancy, Great Lakes Program, Chicago, IL.

Reschke, Carol. 1990. Ecological communities of New York State. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Latham, NY. 96 pp. plus xi.

Rhoads, Ann F. and Timothy A. Block. 2000. The Plants of Pennsylvania, an Illustrated Manual. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA.

Voss, E.G. 1972. Michigan Flora, Part I. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin 55 and the University of Michigan Herbarium. Ann Arbor. 488 pp.

Weldy, T. and D. Werier. 2010. New York flora atlas. [S.M. Landry, K.N. Campbell, and L.D. Mabe (original application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research http://www.fccdr.usf.edu/. University of South Florida http://www.usf.edu/]. New York Flora Association http://newyork.plantatlas.usf.edu/, Albany, New York

Links

• Flora of North America
• Google Images
• NatureServer Explorer
• New York Flora Atlas
• USDA Plants Database

About This Guide

Information for this guide was last updated on: May 31, 2006

Please cite this page as:
New York Natural Heritage Program. 2023. Online Conservation Guide for Carex richardsonii. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/richardsons-sedge/. Accessed March 23, 2023.